Navigating the Wilderness: A Guide to Reading Maps and Using a Compass
Navigating the wilderness is a critical skill for every Scout. Knowing how to read maps and to use a compass can mean the difference between finding your way back to camp and getting lost on the trail. Though I do backpack with GPS tools, I always have a map and compass as well. Here we'll cover the basics of map reading and compass use to help you navigate with confidence on your next backpacking adventures.
Map Reading
Know the symbols: Topographic maps use symbols to represent features such as lakes, mountains, roads, and trails. Before you set out on your trip, familiarize yourself with the symbols on the map.
Understand contour lines: Contour lines on a map show elevation. The closer the lines are together, the steeper the terrain. Use contour lines to visualize the terrain and plan your route can help you finding the flat spots for camp.
Find your location: Use prominent features such as mountain peaks, rivers, or lakes to help you locate yourself on the map. Orient the map to match the terrain and use a compass to confirm your location. Know your maps declination, which is the difference between a compasses magnetic north point and a maps true north.
Compass Use
Know the Compass: A compass has a rotating needle that points to magnetic north. The base of the compass has a degree dial and many have a sighting mirror that helps you line up your compass with a landmark.
Take a bearing: A bearing is a direction on a compass. To take a bearing, line up your compass with the landmark you want to travel to and read the degree dial. Turn the degree dial until the needle lines up with the orienting arrow on the compass. Remember to factor in declination.
Follow your bearing: To travel in the direction of your bearing, hold the compass level and in front of you. Turn your body until the compass needle lines up with the orienting arrow. Walk in the direction of the landmark while keeping the compass in front of you.
Remember to always carry a map and compass with you when venturing into the wilderness. Plan your route ahead of time and check your bearings frequently to ensure you're on track. Practice these skills in a safe and controlled environment with your family or troop before setting out on a wilderness adventure. With these tips, you'll be well on your way to navigating the wilderness like a pro. Happy Trails!
